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Tea enrichment project at the National Tea Research Institute
Effect of foliar application of Plexomin fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of green tea leaves in Iranian tea gardens
The use of chemical fertilizers has an inevitable role in the production of agricultural products. These fertilizers should be able to increase production, improve the quality of agricultural products and ensure the health of consumers of these products. Therefore, in sustainable agriculture, managing the reduction or non-use of fertilizers to increase plant growth and nutrient uptake is important. Today, fertilizers are used as a tool to achieve maximum production per unit area. Unfortunately, the use of chemical fertilizers in the country is unbalanced and does not correspond to the real needs of the plant. In this imbalance path, less consuming elements are consumed in smaller quantities. The consumption of trace elements in countries with advanced agriculture is about 2 to 4% of the total fertilizer consumption, which is a small amount in our country in the past and now this important issue has not been paid much attention. The most important effects of trace elements are increasing production per unit area, improving product quality, enriching agricultural products and reducing the concentration of pollutants such as nitrate and cadmium in food products. If a plant is deficient in one or more trace elements, even under optimal growth conditions, the use of nitrogen, phosphate, and even potash fertilizers will not help increase yield and will sometimes cause yield decline. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the deficiencies with appropriate methods and finally eliminate their deficiencies.
Modern agriculture is looking for new biotechnological solutions that reduce the use of chemical inputs without adversely affecting crop yield or income. Because the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in organic farming is limited, organic farmers have a special interest in biological products that have quality Improves soil fertility and enhances crop growth and increases their resistance to pests and diseases. It is growing. In scientific references, there are different definitions of biological stimuli, according to biological stimuli are natural and environmentally friendly materials that are able to stimulate plant growth, mineral uptake, plant response to various pedoclimatic conditions and tolerance to non-native stresses. Classified biostimulants into eight groups: (1) humic substances, (2) complex organic matter, (3) beneficial chemical elements, (4) mineral salts, (5) seaweed extract, (6) chitin and chitosan derivatives, ( 7) Antiperspirants, (8) Free amino acids and other nitrogen-containing substances.
Amino acids are precursors to plant hormones and growth substances. Amino acids activate plant metabolic systems, enhance seed germination, and keep plants alive under biological and abiotic stress conditions. Amino acids are essential molecules for protein synthesis that have structural, transport, and metabolic functions. They stimulate the physiological functions of the plant such as germination, flowering, pollination, fruit regulation and fruit growth. In recent years, the use of amino acids in plants, especially in adverse conditions, has been considered by agricultural researchers (Ma et al., 2018). Amino acids are rapidly absorbed by the plant roots from the environment. The rate of this uptake is probably higher due to specific transporters involved in the transport of amino acids to plant organs. Amino acids are key components in plant metabolism because many physiological processes are directly or indirectly dependent on these metabolites. Amino acids are bipolar molecules and depending on the pH of the environment can act as acid or base and are effective in balancing nutrient deficiencies. In addition, because amino acids include both acidic and basic groups, they act as a buffer and maintain the proper pH inside the plant cell. Keeps.